You and all of your co-authors must declare any competing interests relevant to, or which can be perceived to be relevant to the article.
- A competing interest can occur where you (or your employer, sponsor or family/friends) have a financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationship with other organizations, or with the people working with them which could influence the research or interpretation of the results.
- Competing interests can be financial or non-financial in nature. To ensure transparency, you must also declare any associations which can be perceived by others as a competing interest.
A competing interest can also be known as ‘conflict of interest’. A competing interest can occur when you, or your employer, or sponsor have a financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationship with other organizations, or with the people working with them, that could influence your research.
When you submit your paper, full disclosure is required. We will publish such disclosures to assist readers in evaluating the article.
You must declare the competing interest on the manuscript submission form in the online submission platform.
Competing interests can be financial or non-financial in nature. To maintain transparency, any associations which can be perceived by others as a competing interest must also be declared.
1. Some examples of financial competing interests include:
- Employment or voluntary involvement
- Collaborations with advocacy groups relating to the content of the article
- Grants from an entity, paid to the author or organization
- Personal fees received by the authors as honoraria, royalties, consulting fees, lecture fees, or testimonies
- Patents held or pending by the authors, their institutions, funding organizations, or licensed to an entity, whether earning royalties or not
- Royalties being received by the authors or their institutions
- Stock or share ownership
- Benefits related to the development of products as an outcome of the work
2. Examples of non-financial competing interests:
- Receipt of drugs, specialist equipment, tools, computer programs, or digital applications
- Access to data repositories, archival resources, museum collections, by an entity that might benefit, or be at a disadvantage financially or reputationally from the published findings
- Holding a position on the boards of industry bodies or private companies that might benefit, or be at a disadvantage financially or reputationally from the published findings
- Writing assistance or administrative support from a person or organization that might benefit, or be at a disadvantage from the published findings
- Personal, political, religious, ideological, academic and intellectual competing interests which are perceived to be relevant to the published content
- Involvement in legal action related to the work
Important: if there are no competing interests to declare, authors should include a statement to the article to confirm that there are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report.
3. Sponsorship of clinical trials
Authors employed by pharmaceutical companies or other organizations which sponsor clinical trials must declare this as a competing interest.
Authors should adhere to the Good Publication Practice guidelines for pharmaceutical companies (GPP3), which provides guidance to ensure responsible and ethical standards are maintained.
JPHPM-powered platforms will not publish articles advertising commercial products.